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TB Introduction

• Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
• Affects lungs (Pulmonary TB) or other parts (Extrapulmonary).
• Spread through the air.

Transmission

• It is an airborne infection
• Spread via coughing, spitting, speaking, or sneezing by people with active TB in their lungs.
• Latent TB shows no symptoms and does not spread.

Symptoms

• cough with sputum and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats.

Prevention

• Screen high-risk individuals.
• Early detection and treatment.
• Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine.

Treatment

Long-term use of multiple antibiotics.

Drug-Resistant TB

• TB bacteria do not respond to at least one main TB drug.
• Two types: MDR TB and XDR TB.

1. 1. MDR TB – Resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective TB drugs.
   2. XDR TB – Resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one injectable second-line drug (amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).

WHO’s Global TB Elimination Initiative

• Adopted in 2014, aims to end TB globally by 2035.
• Goals: 95% reduction in TB deaths, 90% reduction in TB incidence, and zero catastrophic costs by 2035.
• Vision – A world free of TB. Zero deaths, disease and suffering due to TB.